The Role of Diversity Training in Businesses Free Essays

Diversity training has become a necessity in businesses today. Diversity training is necessary because of people†s differences in our work force. Some of these differences are race, gender, culture, age, and disabilities. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Diversity Training in Businesses or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because our organization is so diverse, this program will help educate, sensitize and prepare people to get along in our workplace. If done right, I feel that the training programs will bring our company promising results. One study by Katrina Jordan on diversity training in the workplace from the perspective of organization/human resources diversity practitioners and diversity consultants showed positive results. Some of the outcomes found in this study were changes in staff behavior, increases staff sensitivity, increased executive commitment, recognition that diversity training is not just a H.R function, etc. For some diversity training â€Å"empowers people by helping them to understand others and develop a world view beyond their own. As a result they know how to respond to and resolve differences that might otherwise interfere with their work†(Jordan). Programs are made up to cover a wide range of topics. These topics include defining, developing and managing diversity, harassment prevention, cross cultural communication, and creating an affirming environment. Workers will be able to bring up their own specific topics as well. Training sessions will be of two types. First we will have a series of speaker†s come in at least once every other week and talk to large groups no larger than 75 people. Also during the week between smaller groups of no more that 20 people will meet for discussions. All sessions will be held at times convenient to all employees. To try to create an informal environment we will serve coffee and donuts. For the training programs to make a positive impact it is important for all levels of employees to take part. Training must begin from the top down. H.R participants say that it is essential for top executives to take part in these training sessions. Middle management will be stressed to attend, since they are doing a lot of interaction with people. Following a substantial period of time the company should be able to notice a difference in job performance and hopefully increase profits. Since we can utilize our conference room and auditorium the price for the training program is very inexpensive. The lectures will be brought in from the outside for a standard lecture fee. A small amount will be spent for refreshments to help create a relaxed environment. In the end the program should basically pay for itself. How to cite The Role of Diversity Training in Businesses, Essay examples

Handbook Of Research On Discourse Behavior -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Handbook Of Research On Discourse Behavior? Answer: Introduction This research offers the fundamental information about mobile forensic tools. The preservation, examination, analysis and reporting of digital evidence exist on cellular device (Baggili, 2011). This data is related with enforcement law and other kind of research. This study mainly concentrates on the characteristic of mobile device such as mobile phone, smart phone, tablet and other handheld device. It aim to address the common area that is analyzed by security staff of group and law enforcement researchers which involves electronic digital information residing on handheld devices (Morrissey, 2010). This will intended to achieve existing instruction and investigate deeply about the problem in cellular phone and its research and findings. The models and procedure in this mobile forensic study is considered as the best practices. Readers are proposed to execute the suggested practices after the management collaboration and legal executive for rules and regulation. Investigative Procedures Procedures involved in investigation which need no forensic hardware or software tools. The following methods are used for investigation: Ask the Admin Get the information from the mobile owner whether the device is well secure with PIN, password and other authentication method (Li, 2010). The owner may investigate for this data at the time of interview. Analysis of captured information PIN may be exposed by mistake in case of written in a slip or kept near the phone or computer require to synchronize with mobile phones or with the mobile owners. This will discover through visual analysis (Hoog, 2011). To reset the password, UICC or cellular phone assist to attached with Pin Unlocking Key (PUK). Device vulnerabilities called smudge attack are exploited. This attack is used for examining the occurrence of current gesture lock. Ask the service provider ICCID identifier get from GSM device and request the PUK from the service launcher and reset the PIN if a GSM Cellular device is secured with Password enabled UICC. The service launcher promotes the mechanism to retrieve the PUK by entering the numbers of cellular device and particular subscriber data to universal web sites build for this type of principle (Phillips Enfinger, 2009). The data reveal by contacting mobile manufacturer. Cellular phone users do prefer weak pin to protect their device in the form of 1-1-1-1, 0-0- 0-0 or 1-2-3-4. This format is not fully prescribed try to unlock a device applying those compounds for various threat determinant. This might leads to constant loss of mobile memory, permit advanced security techniques for example PUK or PIN and initiating destructive operation. Before applying the attempts to unlocking a cellular phones, it is suggested to consider the time of attempts left over. Instance has to be considered where an analyzer may prefer to tak e this risk. This is the only solution for information extraction. Techniques involved in digital evidence processing These all are the techniques or methods used to processed the digital evidence, they are Assessment Mobile forensics analyzer should determine complete processing of digital evidence along with the capacity consideration case to estimate the consequent activities that has to be consider (Gladyshev Rogers, 2012). Acquisition Digital evidence is generally simple, altered, broken or damage due to inappropriate examination and maintenance. Analysis is the best management for the intimation of original evidence. This original evidence should be revealed with the secured way of evidence integrity. Examination Analysis process targets to extracts and analysis of digital evidence. The extraction refers to rehabilitation of data from media. Analysis refers to the concept of gathered information which has to be stored into the database for future plan. Documenting and reporting Examination and agreement should documented through the forensic evidence. This will conclude the development of a written statement suggestion. Evidence Analysis The principle of mobile forensic apply when examining the digital evidence. There are several types of media required different type of analyses method. Analysis of digital evidence should be practice for this scope (Peterson Shenoi, 2012). There are few levels involved when performing the evidence examination, they are Step 1. Preparation Develop the enabled directories for the purpose of discovering and extracting the evidence document and information Step 2. Extraction There are two type of extraction involved in this, they are physical extraction and logical extraction. The physical extraction used to found and store the data on physical drive. The logical extraction discovers and store the data which is based on installed OS and file system. Physical extraction At the time of physical extraction, the data form the drive show at the physical drive will not considered the file system available on the drive. This may involve following methods such as keyword searching, carving the document and extracting the partition table. The performance of keyword searching in physical drive is very useful for the purpose of allowing the analyzer to extract the data which do not assume by the operating system. The file carving techniques on physical drive may assist to recover and refining the useful document which does not assumed by operating system or file system. Examining the design of partition may found the availability of file system and examine if the entire memory of hard disk is considered for. Logical extraction At the time of logical extraction from physical drive based on availability of file system on drive where it invokes the resources from files, deleted data and unallocated memory resources. This state include the followings. Data extraction of file system contains the characteristic such as directory structure, attributes of file, file name, data and time of the file, file size and location. Removal of data is the process of determining and removing file through the interrelation of calculated hash value into the authenticated values. Restoring the deleted files Extracting the encrypted data, secured password and compressed file. Refinement of file slack Refinement of unallocated memory. Analysis of extracted data Examination is consequent process of read the extracted data to analyses the essential factors. The examination is performed by time frame analysis, application and file analysis, data hiding analysis. This analysis required an Enquiry of device request, searching and discovering the legal authority of digital evidence. Timeframe analysis It is useful for analyzing the events located on a system. There are two types of techniques are, Monitor the date and time stamp which is avail in the file system (Meta data) such as recent modified file, recent accessed file and developed to connect the file for timeframe related to investigation. Monitor the available system and app logs. These will contain the installation logs, error logs, and security and connection logs. Data hiding analysis Data hiding analysis referred the data will enclosed with the system. This is useful for determining and resuming the data. Methods involved: To determining the mismatches require to combine the resources headers as a file extension. Performing the connection to encrypted file, protected PIN and compressed zip file to reveal the attempt to secure the data from unauthorized user. Steganography Performing access to host-protected area. The availability of user-discovered information with HPA may indicate attempt to cover data. Application and file analysis The programs and resources are determined (Li, 2010). This will contain the information relevant to the analysis and provide awareness about the system ability and user data (Tahiri, 2016). The result of this analysis indicate advance stage that need to design in the extraction and examination process. For example: Checking the file name for patterns and applicability. Determine the content of the file. Determine the type of operating system. Correlate the data with the already installed application. Review the relationship between the resources and files for example comparing history in the internet to cache file and mail file for email attachments. Determine the unknown resources types for estimate their gain for the analysis. Evaluating the default storage location of the users for application and structure of the file drive to analyses if the resource has been collected in their alternative or default location. Evaluate user-configuration settings in application. Evaluation and findings of mobile forensic Intelligence Mobile Forensic It is an inter-disciplinary technique used for technology advancement and performing the resources in intelligent way to resolve the enquiry (Barrett Kipper, 2011). It encompasses with certain range of tools and methods which integrate from artificial intelligence and analysis of social networking in order to concentrate on digital evidence and deduct the time that spend for digital evidence (Lillard, 2010). The proactive benefits of intelligent forensic on mobile device seeks to discover the threats in advance of an event take place (Blackstone, n.d.). The benefits of intelligent forensics methods is used for the valid investigation process to offer more intelligence that can assist the complete analysis of data sources. A techniques involved in this juncture named as SNA (Social Network Analysis) and AI (Artificial Intelligence). Intelligence of Digital forensic will worn from the activities of intelligence and through the regular inspection where the intelligence restore in databases. Intelligence database with this kind of forensic domain for the object of UK National DNA Database, IDENT1 which is known as National Fingerprint database of UK and the IAFIS called as USA Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification system (Genesereth, 2010). The following databases are represents the comparison between evidence and intelligence. It does not having evidence but it will share effectiv e solution for digital crimes that has not reveal at the certain period that similar access were combine with the database (Weerasinghe, 2010). The solution involved in this intelligent forensic addressing the difficulties evolve in big data sources of digital evidence or speeding up the process of tools for the purpose of investigation and intelligence forensics (Lai, Gu, Jin, Wang Li, 2011). This will enhance techniques and processes which enable the information to discover queries and data to discover data. Mobile Forensic Tool for Investigation Forensic tools are help to maintain the conventional investigation case need by dispatch huge amount of applicable devices (Peterson Shenoi, 2014). The recovery of deleted data form the device memory require the advance tool and knowledge acquired for devices. The characteristics offered such as bookmarking, searching and reporting ability may alter significantly. Tools should be validated to assure with acceptability and practice when updates is exist. Tool validation need to determine a set of data where the acquisition procedure to gather the test data and assessing the result (Taiwo, 2010). The important feature of forensic tools has the ability to manage the integrity of original data being extracting the information. There are some of the cellular device tools used for digital investigation. Oxygen Forensic Suite This will determining the investigation of oxygen forensic suit to examine the information such as IMSI, ICCID, and IMEI in mobile device that must use in crime investigation. This type of procedure includes whatsapp fraudulent (International journal of digital crime and forensics, 2010). So, the whatsapp text data is find. The Oxygen Forensic Suite tool is used as freeware which is limited on amount of data that will be refined. Figure. 1 represents the data that will assist the examiner to discover the primary evidence which is needed UFED Physical Analyzer UDED tool is used in forensic analysis is not the end. Most of the forensic experts recommending enormous number of tools for extracting detailed evidences that will be produced in the court (Widup, 2014). The android phones, tablets and other apple devices approved by using UFEFD physical analyzer widen the search evidence. Data exist in the smartphone was extracted by the software. The software will refined the analytical data that helps the forensic analysis include message history and call logs. The Artefact represents the installation of whatsapp in smartphone are represented Conclusion Procedure involved for performing forensic examination should organize with appropriate guidance for maintaining evidence. Firstly, the mobile application issues that analyzing the suspected device should perform using android forensic software tools such as oxygen forensic suite and UFED tools. Analysis of extracted information from testing tools with logs from Internet service provider must be related and discovering the reported. The devices with IMEI, IMSI and ICCID number as well as SIM card will be related with significant logs. This research provides the data about mobile forensic tools and it focuses to address the common field which is investigated by security employee of organization and law prosecution investigators are discussed. References Baggili, I. (2011).Digital Forensics and Cyber Crime. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Barrett, D., Kipper, G. (2011).Virtualization and forensics. Oxford: Elsevier. Blackstone, W.Commentaries on the laws of England. Genesereth, M. (2010).Intelligent privacy management. Menlo Park, Calif: AAAI Press. Gladyshev, P., Rogers, M. (2012).Digital forensics and cybercrime. Berlin: Springer. Hoog, A. (2011).Android forensics. Waltham, MA: Syngress. International journal of digital crime and forensics. (2010). Hershey. Lai, X., Gu, D., Jin, B., Wang, Y., Li, H. (2011).Forensics in Telecommunications, Information, and Multimedia. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Li, C. (2010).Handbook of research on computational forensics, digital crime, and investigation. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference. Lillard, T. (2010).Digital forensics for network, internet, and cloud computing. Amsterdam [u.a.]: Syngress/Elsevier. Morrissey, S. (2010).IOS Forensic Analysis for iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. Berkeley, CA: Sean Morrissey. Peterson, G., Shenoi, S. (2014).Advances in Digital Forensics X. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Phillips, N., Enfinger, S. (2009).Guide to computer forensics and investigations. Clifton Park, N.Y.: Delmar. Tahiri, S. (2016).Mastering Mobile Forensics. Packt Publishing. Taiwo, O. (2010).Handbook of research on discourse behavior and digital communication. Hershey, Pa.: Information Science Reference. Weerasinghe, D. (2010).Information security and digital forensics. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Widup, S. (2014).Computer forensics and digital investigation with EnCase Forensic v7. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.

Origin of the report Essay Example

Origin of the report Essay This Report is submitted to DR. RENEE BLEAU, October 30, 2007, as part of the requirements of the course, (ARTS025). 1.2 Problem and Purpose: This report is to talk about and explain the causes of violence in schools. It includes the possible ways that affects students, with a finishing paragraph giving a solution on how to solve this problem. 1.3 History/Background: We will write a custom essay sample on Origin of the report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Origin of the report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Origin of the report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There are many reasons why school violence arises in our communities. A majority of education theorists agree that the major reason behind these violence actions is a complex set of causes and risk factors that are implanted in our culture, surroundings, economy, communities, schools families and peer groups not to mention the unique skills, attitudes, and behaviours that each child possess. However, there are many other elements that contribute greatly to the violent behaviour at schools such as the rather easy access to weapons, the major impact the media has on individuals, and the influence of schools, the community, and family environment. 1.4 Sources and Methods: This reports information is found by library research, with the help of books and articles provided by reliable resources. 2. Causes 2.1 Family factors: Parents must always monitor their kids and give them the needed attention in order for kids to feel that they can turn to their family for help and so that the kids can depend on them for guidance and support. Children usually start acting violently when they are faced with periods of free and unsupervised time and therefore this is where the school teacher and parents must come in and guide the children instead of allowing them to take things into their own hands. 2.1.1 Harsh parental discipline: its common and expected in our culture that the family is in charge of dealing with childhood problems, our modern society makes it greatly difficult for parents to meet all their childrens needs. Looking at our current economy today, we can notice that it demands that both parents work, resulting in negligence and less time spent with children. Also, more children are currently being raised by single parents some who are teenage mothers. All these economical factors are changing the way kids are raised today and therefore increasing violent outcomes from children. 2.1.2 Child abuse: A major and disappointing reason could be that the actual schools are failing their troubled and disturbed youthful students. These students become faced with societys agitated, high-stressed environment and eventually choose the wrong ways of dealing with it. And rather than turning for help from parents and other adults, they turn to fake, make believe groups of their own that instead make them sink deeper into their troubles and hardships. Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker, which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation, or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2005). * In many cases, both victims and performers of youth violence have been subjected to child abuse, or witnessed one of their family members being abused by one another, at one point in their childhood (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2007). 2.6 million Reports were made on 4.6 million children in the United States in 2002. They were made on the concern and the health of them. 19.9% of the children that have been reported on have been victimised of a serious type of child abuse. (Iannelli, 2007). 2.2 Community Factors: 2.2.1 Bullying: Bullying is another meaning to a mean and unkind behaviour; such as harassment, threats and physical abuse, by one student to another or a group of students towards another student (Healey, 2001: 7). Economical backgrounds, parental differences or school atmosphere are in a way motives that cause bullies. Statistics show that 77% of students in the United States have experienced bullying in their school or outside school. (the American Justice Department, 2007). A bully feels many feelings when bullying other students or guys. A bully usually feels that it would make him more popular at school or make him powerful from the inside. They are probably looking for respect and control. Another thing is when a student needs to express his feelings inside; a bully could be made by a student who is stressed or bullied at home by his parents or family. This could lead to very bad aggression done by a student and thats when violence occurs. 2.2.2 Gangs in schools: Gangs are another way of getting students to show respect and to be, in the students words famous. A bully usually starts with forming a gang. Many factors such as religious or racist discrimination and some just form one to be safe at a school. (Public health agency of Canada, 2007). This gang forming idea results to violence when other students or gangs try to interfere in a students way or gang. Some are formed to get their way in school, get their way with teachers and get their beliefs sent to other students to get full control of the school. 2.3 Community Factors: 2.3.1 Media: Media affects students of young age in many ways. First music plays a big role in making a student get violent. With its words and abuse and singers talk about violence and getting respect gets a student to think in that way. Movies is another way to get a student hyped up. An example would be action movies with gangs fighting or even video clips of the violent music would make a student think about it. Watching movies of criminals or singers going to jail and living their life in there makes a child think about trying to go in there. Every movie that shows a person coming out of jail gets all the respect and people would be scared of him in a way. 2.3.2 Drug and alcohol use: Drugs and alcohol use is the most affecting substance that makes people get violent and affects their manners and activities. Harmful use of illicit substances is associated with considerable social problems, crime, morbidity and morality (Healey, 2000: 3). According to Healey, drugs used by young people are used for many reasons. Some of them are: making them happy, to relax and because they want to get their minds off personal reasons, like family problems, school and most of them use the drugs because of their background. The atmosphere or when other people do it get the young students interested and excited to try it. According to a recent survey conducted in Australia, almost 50% of teenagers consume alcohol on a weekly basis. In 2004, estimates indicated that the proportion of alcohol users between the ages of 12-15 was at 32.4%; 16-17 was at 77.4% and 18-19 was at a high of 87.1%. As for the usage of drugs, it has been determined that about 23% of teenagers have used illicit drugs. In 2004, the percentage of youth between the ages of 12-15 was at 5.2%, and between16-17 at 18% (The National Drug Strategy household survey, 2004). 3. Effects 3.1 Effects of violence on students: 3.1.1 Perpetrators perspective: Violence is used to guide them through their life and depression, bei it personal problems or social problems. Criminal activities such as these reasons affect their grades and ruin most of their lives. As an Example, in the state of Tasmania the following figure demonstrates suspension statistics due to verbal, physical and sex-related abuse and harassment in 2001(Parliament of Tasmania, 2002): As the pie chart shows, the percentage of students suspended for verbal-related abuse was 49%, suspension in relation to physical abuse 48%, and finally, the Percentage of students suspended due to sex related abuse 3% (Parliament of Tasmania, 2002). Contrary to public perception, violent crime in schools has declined dramatically since 1994. The annual rate of serious violent crime in 2003 (6 per 1,000 students) was less than half of the rate in 1994. (http://youthviolence.edschool.virginia.edu/violence-in-schools/national-statistics.html) 3.1.2 Victims perspective: From a victims point of view, the school would become an insecure or scary place to go to. They would skip school skip their classes and might even have to change the school they go to. (Klicker, 1999: 18). 3.2 Effects of violence on parents: 3.2.1 Perpetrators parents: Violent students could bring harm not only to themselves but to their families as well. Violent behaviour that is created by a child could be very difficult for a parent to live with. It changes the environment at home, changes the respect of a child to the parent and might also occur in violent actions done at home to the family and its members. (Partington, 2001). 3.2.2 Victims parents: Parents should ideally nurture and reinforce positive behaviour around their kids and always aim to be a good example and influence. When at times parents fail to do so, children may eventually develop negative and violent behaviour patterns. Violence in schools and so would make parents worry and unhappy and even over protective of their children. Violence in schools and communities would always keep parents thinking about their children and if the friends of their child have good behaviour. So constant worrying is on the parents minds. (Klicker, 1999: 72). 3.3 Effects of violence on schools: A survey in the United States showed that 269 students, teachers and staff died between September 1992 and the year 2000 from school related incidents of violence. (Education World, 2005). Another recent research found by the bureau of justice statistics that between the years 1999 and 2003, teachers were the victims of 183,000 crimes at school, including 119,000 thefts and 65,000 violent crimes (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2005). These threats and violent actions would make it very hard for any teacher to teach or even work in such schools. 4. Solutions 4.1 Monitored school environment: A Safe and secure school environment is important for effective teaching and learning, as well as for an orderly and disciplined school (Squelch, JA, 2006). Schools are using technology such as cameras with security watching over the students. With these technological enhancements schools could know when and where the problem occur and take action. The teachers after knowing they have security watching for them would feel in a way safer and would find working and teaching easier. 4.2 Counselling programs: Counselling programs such as psychologists or people who listen and talk to students or parents help students find a person that would help him bring out whats on his mind. It would help parents connect to their students and wont have problems of fighting other students to release stress. 5. Conclusion With this report it has talked/discussed about how violence in schools affects the atmosphere being at home or with friends at schools, and how it becomes a big issue which transforms into the killing of innocent students and parents. It discussed how bullies are made in schools and from bullies into gangs. This report has also talked about possible measures that could be done to help such atmosphere to be in some way safer for the student and anyone who goes to school. It is always smart to know the causes and solutions of violence to help resolve a safer and healthy community to live and work in.

Cracking the Alumni Magazine Market

Cracking the Alumni Magazine Market Cracking the Alumni Magazine Market  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In December, 1996, my wife Tina was diagnosed with breast cancer. She had her last radiation treatment in August, 1997. (Shes doing fine today.) I wrote a piece about the experience (David, I Have a Lump: Breast Cancer, One Husbands Story) and sent it off to several womens magazines. No magazines bit, although one person responded that while she loved the piece it didnt meet their current requirements. That was a kind way of saying that it didn’t fit in a magazine filled with such lofty pieces as Ten Ways to Please Your Man and How to Lose 25 Pounds in Two Weeks.  A few years later, I decided to tackle the alumni magazine market. (My career to that point had focused on writing admissions and fund-raising materials for colleges and schools.) Id always admired CC, the alumni magazine of Tinas alma mater Connecticut College, so I wrote to the editor, complimenting her on the magazine, expressing my intention to write for the magazine and including the cancer piece as a sample o f my work. She immediately offered to buy the piece, and it was published in 2001.  Since that time, Ive written over 50 articles and profiles for about 15 alumni magazines.   A cover article about one woman led to a deep friendship and to my writing her

10 Things You Should Know About Gender in Spanish

10 Things You Should Know About Gender in Spanish Here are 10 facts about Spanish gender that will be useful as you learn the language: 1. Gender is a way of classifying nouns into two categories. Spanish nouns are masculine or feminine, although there are a few that are ambiguous, meaning that Spanish speakers are inconsistent in which gender is applied to them. Also, some nouns, particularly those that refer to people, can be masculine or feminine depending on whether they refer to a male or female, respectively. The grammatical significance of gender is that adjectives  and articles referring to nouns must be of the same gender as the nouns they refer to. 2. Spanish also has a neuter gender that applies to one definite article and a few pronouns. By using the definite article lo, it is possible to make an adjective function as if it were a neuter noun. The neuter pronouns generally are used to refer to ideas or concepts rather than to things or people. They can also be used to things whose identities arent known, as in  ¿Quà © es eso? for What is that? 3. Except when referring to people and some animals, the gender of a noun is arbitrary. Thus, things associated with females can be masculine (for example, un vestido, a dress). And things associated with males (for example, virilidad, masculinity) can be feminine. In other words, there is no way to predict a nouns gender from its meaning. For example, silla and mesa (chair and table, respectively) are feminine, but taburete and sof (stool and couch) are masculine. 4. Although feminine words as a general rule refer to females, and masculine words to females, it is possible to do the opposite. The words for man and woman, hombre and mujer, respectively, are the gender youd expect, as are words for girl and boy, chica and chico. But it is important to remember that the gender of a noun attaches to the word itself rather than to what it refers. So persona, the word for person, is feminine regardless of who it refers to, and the word for baby, bebà ©, is masculine. 5. Spanish grammar has a preference for the masculine gender. The masculine might be considered the default gender. Where masculine and feminine forms of a word exist, it is the masculine that is listed in dictionaries. Also, new words that enter the language are typically masculine unless theres a reason to treat the word otherwise. For example, the imported English words marketing, suà ©ter (sweater), and sndwich are all masculine. Web, referring to a computer network, is feminine, probably because it as a shortened form of pgina web (web page), and pgina is feminine. 6. Many words have separate masculine and feminine forms. Most if not all of these are used for referring to people or animals. In most cases for singular nouns and adjectives, the feminine form is made by adding an a to the masculine form or changing an ending e or o to a. A few examples: amigo (male friend), amiga (female friend)profesor (male teacher), profesora (female teacher)sirviente (male servant), sirvienta (female servant) A few words have irregular differences: tigre (male tiger), tigresa (female tiger)rey (king), reina (queen)actor (actor), actriz (actress)toro (bull), vaca (cow) 7. There are a few exceptions to the rule that words ending in o are masculine and many exceptions to the rule that words ending in a are feminine. Among the feminine o words are mano (hand), foto (photo), and disco (disco). Among the masculine a words are numerous words of Greek origin such as dilema (dilemma), drama, tema (subject), and holograma (hologram). Also, many a words that refer to occupations or types of people - among them atleta (athlete), hipà ³crita (hypocrite), and dentista (dentist) - can be either masculine or feminine. 8. As the culture in which Spanish is spoken changes, so is the way the language treats gender as it applies to people. For example, at one time la doctora almost always referred to a doctors wife, and la jueza referred to the wife of the judge. But these days, those same terms usually mean a female doctor and judge, respectively. Also, it is becoming more common to use terms such as la doctor (rather than la doctora) and la juez (rather than la jueza) when referring to female professionals. 9. The masculine form is used to refer to mixed groups of males and females. Thus, depending on the context, los muchachos can mean either the children or the boys. Las muchachas can refer only to the girls. Even padres (padre is the word for father) can refer to parents, not just fathers. However, the use of both masculine and feminine forms - such as muchachos y muchachas for boys and girls rather than just muchachos - is growing more common. 10. In colloquial written Spanish, it is becoming more common to use as a way of indicating that a word can refer to either males of females. In traditional Spanish, if you were writing a letter to a group of friends, you might open with the masculine form, Queridos amigos, for Dear friends even if your friends are of both sexes. Some writers these days would use Querids amigs instead. Note that the at symbol, known as the arroba in Spanish, looks something like a combination of an a and an o.

Mental Health Incident Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Mental Health Incident - Essay Example The Driscoll model shall be used as the reflection tool for this paper. Body: Driscoll reflective model What? A description of the event The purpose in returning to this situation is to review my actions and to evaluate whether or not these actions were in accordance with the standards of the practice. I also returned to this situation in order to establish areas of improvement and to evaluate how well I performed in the actual clinical setting. During one of my shifts in my mental health placement, I encountered an aggressive patient, who shall be referred to as Mr. Y, in order to protect his identity and maintain patient confidentiality. He was a 22 year old male patient diagnosed recently with schizophrenia. When I first approached him, he was very wary and nervous. I initially introduced myself to him and maintained a comfortable distance of about 4 feet. He was sitting on a stool looking angrily at anyone who approached him. His medication was due and I was tasked with administe ring it. Accompanied by my mentor, I approached the patient, introduced myself and said that his oral medication was due and I was there to help him take it. As I was talking, I noted that he was on the verge of aggression so I kept a safe distance from him. I waited for him to respond, but then he suddenly stood up and tried to lunge at me. I stepped away from him before he could grab me and my mentor and the other staff nurses immediately grabbed him before he could inflict any physical harm. The staff told me to proceed in giving him the medication. Since, it was an oral medication, it was difficult to administer as he clenched his jaw and tried to bite off my fingers. With some assistance from the staff members I was able to administer the medication. After the incident, he was immediately restrained and strapped to the bed. During the incident, I observed that I physically prepared myself for a possible attack from an aggressive patient, and that based on the quick response of the staff and my mentor, they were also expecting aggression from the patient. They also sensed possible aggression based on the demeanour of the patient before the incident. The assistance which was given to me during the incident was very much welcome because I would not have been able to handle the aggressive patient on my own. The main element I observed in the situation is the period of escalation from a possibly aggressive patient. The study by Beech and Leather (2003) indicate that the escalation of aggression can often be observed from the patient’s demeanour, his failure to cooperate with the staff and then finally his actual physical act of aggression. Dunn and colleagues (2007) discuss that there may be various interventions which could have been done to de-escalate his aggression and prevent the actual act of aggression. Dunn, et.al., (2007) also point out that the act of physically restraining the patient is often commonly used for these aggressive patients. Chem ical restraints could have been administered however, the staff explained that chemical restraints might not interact well with his current medications. Melillo and Houde (2011) discuss the chemical restraints administered alongside psychopharmacological drugs can have adverse interactions and can cause further agitation and confusion. Stewart, et.al., (2009) also discuss that maintaining a therapeutic distance from mental health patients is crucial in the protection of one’

DSS (Information-Technology) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

DSS (Information-Technology) - Essay Example DSS is usually designed as an interactive tool which receives input from the user end to compile, assist and guide in the decision making process. The reliability and accuracy of the DSS have been proved in various occasions (Shortliffe, 1987). This present research work deals with various applications of DSS in medical informatics. There is a growing interest in adopting decision support systems in health care. The application of information technology can improve the process quality by automation and minimizing errors drastically. It can rectify the problems associated with the existing technologies. A study was conducted to evaluate the impact of CDSS on the prescription costs (S.Troy McMullin et al 2004). The CDSS provides clinicians with adequate recommendations for the prescription process. The promotional activities of pharmaceutical companies influence the physicians in the drug prescription. They culminate in prescription of inappropriate drugs with high cost. These kinds of consequences can be overcome by the utilization of the automated systems since they provide guidelines based on preset facts and literature providing a cost effective solution. The CDSS WELLINX is one such example for this. The developed system guides the clinicians to choose a specific diagnosis and displays prescription relating to the condition. It works effectively in the decision making process cost effectively. DSS have been widely used and has also shown significant results in the patient outcomes. Studies carried out by shows CDSS improves quality of healthcare by providing accurate and timely diagnostic information. Once a system is derived taking into consideration all the requirements including the knowledge base it will prove good in the decision making process. Minimizing errors It was reported in a survey the prescribers had an error rate of 1.5%, a quarter of which may lead to serious effects (Dean B, 2002). Computerized systems for medicine or decision support system evolved as a result of repeated encountered errors; the UK and US government reformed the medical policy by depending on the information technological support and applications to minimize these errors. DSS improving decision quality In a study conducted (Vitali Sintchenko et al, 2004) on the impact of computerized decision support systems (CBSS) on antibiotic prescribing decisions, it was found CBSS improved the decision quality significantly. They graded the clinical impact score based on adoption rate and decision effectiveness and it was revealed from their work that DSS along with the microbiology report showed a high clinical impact score than the electronic guideline and electronic medical reports. Treatment guidelines Madhukar H. Trived et al, 2004 in his work describes the outlines the present use of computerized systems for implementing treatment guidelines and early use of a computerized decision support system for treating depression. It was found that the physicians'