Foundations of Management Accounting †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Depict about the Foundations of Management Accounting. Answer: Presentation: The executives bookkeeping is the procedure which measures and reports data about financial action inside the association. The procedure of the executives bookkeeping is useful for directors, as it helps in arranging, assessing and exercise of operational control. Arranging, assessing and operational control, can be clarified by the accompanying sub-focuses: Arranging Planning is required for choosing what to make, when to make and where to make it with respect to an item. Arranging is additionally useful for deciding the materials, work that is important to acknowledge wanted yield. Assessment of execution Performance assessment is required to assess the gainfulness of the item and its product offering. The commitment of administrators of the association. Operational control Operational control is important to get a thought of how much work is in progress on the manufacturing plant floor. Operational control is additionally useful in keeping up a smooth progression of creation. The task endeavors to assess the idea of money related bookkeeping and its key realities. The investigation further decides on the arrangement of item costing under action based costing (ABC). Besides, an immediate material spending plan and timetable of expected money dispensing have been figured to legitimize the exploration subject. Section A Contrast between Financial Accounting and Management Accounting: The board bookkeeping is disclosed by Nixon and Burns (2012) as the planning of the executives reports and records that give precise data, both money related and factual, to the chiefs which assist them with taking significant everyday choices. Budgetary bookkeeping can is characterized as the way toward summing up, announcing and recording the exchanges of an association and its tasks over a period. Hal (2011) states that the outline of budget summaries incorporates the accounting report, pay explanation and income proclamation, which gives the companys execution over a period. Contrasts among Financial and Management bookkeeping can be clarified as follows: Budgetary bookkeeping is the part of bookkeeping, which manages the money related perspectives and data of the concerned business. Then again, the executives bookkeeping is the part of bookkeeping that manages both monetary and non-budgetary parts of the firm. Monetary bookkeeping is seen and surveyed by both inside administration and just as outside gatherings concerned. The board bookkeeping, then again, is resolved and thought about just by the interior organization of the business. Budgetary bookkeeping reports are intended for the general population, for them to survey the organizations money related practicality. The board bookkeeping report is expected for the inner administration and is dealt with privately. Money related bookkeeping follows a foreordained arrangement, while the board bookkeeping has no such endorsed position. Monetary bookkeeping manages giving data about the budgetary status to its investors. Then again, the executives bookkeeping helps the directors in assessing the business execution, which will assist them with settling on better-educated choices later on. Monetary bookkeeping is accomplished for a predefined period (1 Year). Actually, the board bookkeeping is done when the administrators are needing it. (Quarterly, half yearly, and so forth.) For the motivation behind reviewing, money related bookkeeping is of central significance and is required in any organization. While the board bookkeeping isn't unreasonably vital and is done deliberately. Investigation of Fixed and variable Cost of Company X and Company Y: As indicated by Eriotis et al. (2011), the contextual analysis expresses that Company X acquires less fixed cost contrasted with its variable expense and Company Y causes less factor cost contrasted with its fixed expense. From this announcement, a surmising can be drawn that Company Y will understand a higher benefit on the off chance that the deal increments. As per the informative supplement underneath, where the deals in units increment by 10%, for both organization X and Y, it is seen that organization Y will acknowledge more benefit. At the end of the day, because of an expansion of one percent of units of deals of organization X, the benefit of X increments by 1.429% and correspondingly because of an increment of one percent of units of deals of organization Y, the benefit of Y increments by 1.882%. From the informative supplement underneath it is likewise seen that the all out commitment for organization X and Y is 10%. It is on the grounds that organization Y acquires a litt le factor cost contrasted with its fixed expense. Therefore organization Y wins a benefit of 18.82%. On account of organization X, it acquires a variable cost a lot higher than that of organization Y. In this way, from the above setting, it very well may be clarified that organization Y appreciates the advantage of working influence over organization X. Finishing up the above clarification, organization Y will understand the best increment in benefit. It is because of two fundamental factors that are; organization Y appreciates the advantage of working influence over organization X, and it acquires a less factor cost and progressively fixed expense contrasted with organization X. Therefore organization, Y will gain more benefit. Clarification of procedures of item costing under an Activity Based Costing: A bookkeeping strategy that recognizes the exercises of a firm that performs and doles out aberrant expenses to items is known as movement based costing. Movement based costing (ABC) is significantly applied in the assembling business, as it improves the steadfastness over cost information and gives a superior characterization of costs brought about during the creation procedure of an organization. This framework targets item costing, product offering gainfulness investigation, administration evaluating, and so forth. As indicated by Fei and Isa (2010), the framework can be utilized for decrease of overhead expense. An unpredictable domain is best for application for ABC. The accompanying advances can additionally clarify Activity-based costing: Cost Identification Identifying the costs that should be designated, is the first and the most significant advance in the all out procedure. As wastage of time isn't favored with a huge undertaking degree. For appropriate allotment of time and cost right factors should be distinguished to keep away from wastage of time. Optional cost pools Cost pools are made for those costs which are caused to offer types of assistance. Essential cost pools Primary cost pools are intended for those costs which are straightforwardly associated with the creation of merchandise and enterprises. A different cost pool for each line of item is useful as expenses are probably going to emerge at this level. A different cost pool ought to be assigned for promoting and appropriation of the item. Movement cost driver The factor that adds to the cost of business tasks is known as action cost drivers. Not many of the cost drivers are work cost, upkeep cost and other variable costs. Then again progressively specialized action cost drivers are machine hours, client contact base, reviews, and so forth. The executives picks cost drivers as the base for dispersing fabricating overhead. It isn't required for the administration to choose cost driver. The executives chooses cost driver at its carefulness. The determination is made by confirming the factors identifying with the cost acquired. The technique of item costing is related with administrative bookkeeping. The explanatory recourses have made item costing a normal element of assembling tasks. As of late item costing is engaged with movement based costing. ABC depends on the assumption that expenses happen in different exercises. As per the (Prates, 2014), ABC depends on the rule that creation of items doesn't produce costs. The assets that are important to help the business movement produce costs. The exercises created from creation expend costs. Part B Arrangement of companys direct materials financial plan and calendar of expected money payment for acquisition of materials for each quarter in the up and coming monetary year: General Corporation Direct Material Budget Specifics first Quarter second Quarter third Quarter fourth Quarter Anticipated creation units 6,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 Crude materials required for anticipated creation units (gm) 54,000 81,000 72,000 63,000 Cost of crude materials required for anticipated creation units ($) (A) 64,800 97,200 86,400 75,600 Shutting stock prerequisite ($) (B) 19,440 17,280 15,120 19,440 Opening stock prerequisite ($) (C) 0 19,440 17,280 15,120 Buy to be made in current quarter (A)+(B)- (C ) 84,240 95,040 84,240 79,920 The calendar of expected money payment for the acquisition of crude materials in each quarter is delineated in the table beneath: General Corporation Money Disbursements Points of interest first Quarter second Quarter third Quarter fourth Quarter Opening Accts. Payable 3,880 33,364 37,144 33,364 Installment made for current quarter's materials 54,756 61,776 54,756 51,948 Installment made for past quarter's crude materials 0 29,484 33,264 29,484 Absolute installment 54,756 91,260 88,020 81,432 Installment to be conveyed forward 29,484 3,780 - 3,780 - 1,512 Shutting Accts. Payable 33,364 37,144 33,364 31,852 Readiness of the companys direct work spending plan for each quarter in the up and coming monetary year: General Corporation Direct Labor Overhead Points of interest first Quarter second Quarter third Quarter fourth Quarter Creation units 6,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 Work Hrs per unit 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 All out hr

Waters Unique Characteristics Essays

Waters Unique Characteristics Essays Waters Unique Characteristics Essay Waters Unique Characteristics Essay Article Topic: Special Water, with its abnormal clinging to hydrogen, is a significant asset to the Earth, untamed life, and the earth. Because of waters hydrogen holding, it has created numerous one of a kind attributes that numerous different fluids don't have. A portion of these qualities are the accompanying: grip, union, and surface pressure. These three qualities alone take into account the connection of water to its self and to different particles for the development of water it self.Cohesion is simply the capacity of water to join to itself to move inverse the power of gravity. While grip is the capacity of water to connect to some different option from water particles, this takes into consideration water to move with out needing a power behind it. Surface pressure is the proportion of the fact that it is so hard to break the outside of a fluid. Water has a particularly high surface strain because of the way that water particles are intermixed with air and clung to other water atoms underneath it; in this manner, causing a practically undetectable shield.Other characteristics that water has are high explicit warmth, evaporative cooling, and a high breaking point. A high explicit warmth implies that it requires some investment for one gram of water to warm up by one degree Celsius. Because of this, water will change its temperature less when it retains or loses heat. Evaporative cooling happens in light of the fact that hot atoms leave, or getaway into a fluid or vaporous state, before cool ones and in this manner forestalls overheating. Likewise, another significant characteristic of waters is its thickness while in strong and fluid structures. Contrasted with different fluids, water is less thick in its strong state than in its fluid state.This happens on the grounds that when the hydrogen bonds are being solidified they bond with four different atoms at an a manageable distance instead of nearer to the hydrogen. This takes into account the ice, or strong type of water, to b e 10% less thick than the fluid stage. Be that as it may, one of the most significant advocates of water is its all inclusiveness. It tends to be utilized to disintegrate pretty much any substance. Consequently, arrangements have been wore either hydrophobic, water dreading, or hydrophilic, water adoring. In these two cases, the arrangement either can break up in water, hydrophilic, or is insoluble in water, hydrophobic.These one of a kind attributes permit water to be one fluid with its own capacities; in any case, it is the thing that these capacities permit in nature and in the condition that make water so extraordinary. The reason for grip and union essentially needs to manage the watering and sustaining of plant frameworks. Attachment is utilized to pull the water up the stems of plants to the top to support; then again, bond is utilized to help keep the water set up despite the fact that it is being pulled somewhere around gravity. Another case of how grip is utilized is in th e vessels of human blood frameworks; bond is utilized to pull the blood up versus the quality of gravity.Surface strain is utilized to permit bugs or different creatures to stroll over the highest point of water to take into account escape or for the catch of food. Waters high explicit warmth takes into account it to retain a lot of warmth without changing its temperature much. This considers in the late spring months, the sea shores to be chilled and in the winter a very long time to be warmed up. This additionally, balances out sea temperature, making an increasingly steady life for marine life, and it takes into consideration temperature variances ashore yet keeps the water inside limits that license life.Evaporative cooling of water adds to the security of the temperature of the lakes and lakes and furthermore forestalls creatures, and different instruments, from over warming. Evaporative cooling additionally assists with vegetation; it shields the tissues in the leaves from get ting excessively warm in the daylight. Besides, waters thickness is a superior ascribe to nature. As a strong, waters thickness is not as much as when it is a fluid this takes into consideration just the highest points of lakes, and so forth to become solidified as opposed to the bottoms. On the off chance that a lake were to freeze from the base up, at that point practically the entire Earths water framework would freeze up in just a matter of time.However, in light of the fact that this doesn't occur, the solidified layer on top protects the base part of water and considers marine life to live throughout the winter months as opposed to pass on. Waters comprehensiveness, be that as it may, is its greatest resource. This trademark permits water to be an effectively open lab accomplice all around the globe. Without water as a general dissolvable, researchers would need to make a dissolvable that might be too expensive cash and just take into account constrained investigations. Be tha t as it may, on the grounds that water is modest, and promptly accessible, researchers have no issue with directing the trials they feel are fundamental.

Transference-Focused Therapy Borderline Personality

Transference-Focused Therapy Borderline Personality BPD Treatment Print Transference-Focused Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder Is transference-focused therapy right for you? By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Updated on May 14, 2018 Joe Houghton / Moment / Getty Images More in BPD Treatment Diagnosis Living With BPD Related Conditions Transference-focused therapy for borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a psychotherapy that focuses on using your relationship with your therapist to change how you relate to people in the world. What Is Transference? Transference is the theoretical process by which emotions are transferred from one person to another. Transference is a key concept in psychodynamic psychotherapies. In these types of therapies, it is presumed that  your feelings about important people in your life, such as your parents or siblings, are transferred onto the therapist. You then come to feel about and react to the therapist as you would to these important figures in their lives. It is believed that through transference, the therapist can see how you interact with people  and the therapist uses this information to help you build healthier relationships. Therapists who practice transference focused therapy for BPD believe that the key cause of BPD is related to dysfunctional relationships in childhood that continue to impact adolescent and adult relationship functioning. The theory is that through interactions with our caregivers in early childhood, we develop a sense of self as well as mental representations of others. If something goes wrong during this development, we may have difficulty forming a solid sense of self or have problems in how we relate to other people. Because there is evidence that childhood maltreatment or early loss of caregivers is associated with increased risk of BPD and because the ?symptoms of BPD include significant problems in relationships and instability in sense of self, some experts have proposed that BPD needs to be treated by building healthier relationships through the use of transference. What to Expect in Transference-Focused Therapy for BPD In transference focused therapy for BPD, the focus is on the interaction between you and the therapist. The therapist rarely gives advice or instructs you on what to do. Instead, the therapist will likely ask you many questions and help you explore your reactions during sessions. In transference focused therapy, an emphasis is placed on the current moment rather than the past. Instead of talking about how you related to your caregivers, you will spend more time talking about how you are relating to your therapist. The therapist also tends to remain neutral in this type of therapy and will avoid giving his opinion and is unavailable outside the therapy session except during emergencies.   Research Support for Transference-Focused Therapy for BPD Preliminary research supports the use of transference focused therapy for BPD. A randomized controlled study, one of the most rigorous forms of research, demonstrated that transference-focused therapy was equivalent to dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in reducing some of the symptoms of BPD, such as thoughts of suicide, and was better than DBT in reducing other symptoms like impulsive behaviors or anger.   While this is promising preliminary support for the effectiveness of this treatment, it is important to note a major limitation of this study: Patients in the transference-focused therapy group received more individual psychotherapy than those in the DBT condition. While it is possible that transference-focused therapy is as good if not better than DBT at reducing symptoms of BPD, it is also possible that the improvements were due to the patients receiving more therapy. More research is needed to examine the success of this treatment. While more studies are being done, you may consider talking to your therapist about whether or not transference-focused therapy might work for you. He will talk you through the benefits and drawbacks of this kind of therapy and can give you a recommendation based on your unique situation.   The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Personal Statement Identifying Information - 924 Words

Identifying Information Barbara is a female whose age, sex/gender, race/ethnicity, relationship status, student/employment status, living situation, environmental context are all unknown. Presenting Problem The client reports that she has felt sad and depressed for the most of her life. The client recalls the symptoms starting in her teenage years and recurring at least 15-20 times with specific episodes lasting for a year or more. The client reports that she is systematically getting rid of her friends by not answering the phone or door when people attempt to contact her. The client reports that her sex drive is low, specifically stating that she does not have one anymore. Barbara is struggling with problems with sleeping, yet having issues with lethargy and extensive sleeping. Current and historical information The client reports that the symptoms she reports began in her teenage years and have been normal for her. The client reports that she has children who have completed college but the amount of children and their ages are unknown. The client’s social, medical, psychiatric, and trauma, substance use, and legal involvement histories are all unknown. The client’s culture and religion are also unknown. Risk and protective factors The client has children whose completion of college has been reported as her only hope. The client has also been resilient as evidenced by her ability to live with her symptoms for an extensive time. The client is also rearing childrenShow MoreRelatedBusiness Planning And Decision Making879 Words   |  4 Pagesplanning and decision making are mututal important in a business operation, many factors can contrubute to quality planning and decision making. Among all the factors, personal factors and environment factors are the two major topic in today’s business world. 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Elephants as Combatants

Hamlet Act 3 †the Dumb Show Free Essays

The Dumb Show As Claudius asks for the ‘light’, he wants actual light. The light also means the act of asking for forgiveness. People who are of the same rank or are comfortable with each other speak to each other is pros. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet Act 3 – the Dumb Show or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hamlet speaking to the players, he speaks down to them in verse. For the play within a play, Shakespeare uses rhymed verse to elevate the language. This was done because Claudius was of a higher status and this raises the severity of the crime. Hamlet is using the language to identify the’ criminals’, through the language. Blank verse – an official occasion or speaking to someone older (like poetry), like Hamlet and his Mother. Hamlet tells Horatio that he admires his sense of loyalty, character and sincerity. In the Excerpt: Identify 3 metaphors, how the theme of appearance vs reality is revealed In what ways is Horatio similar to hamlet? In what ways is he a foil? Is Horatio expendable in the plays plot development? Is act 3 the climax? No, I do believe that this was the climax. I believe i Is it evident that act 3 might be the climax of this play? This is because at this point we discover who Hamlet truly was. He is not the ideal hero we actually perceive him to be. His murder of Polonius was equal to the murder of King Hamlet. In both cases, there are children who lost their lives. Even though Claudius’s murder was pre-meditated, murder is still murder. Even though Hamlet did this without planning, the fact that he was able to take a life so abruptly shows that he is not in essence the ‘hero’ within the play. Anachronism – When something doesn’t fit the context of the play. For example Hamlet’s school didn’t exist in the time in which Shakespeare wrote the play. The recurring motif is son’s avenging their fathers. (Old Norway and Young Hamlet) Now Hamlet kills Polonius who has a son. Laertes After getting evidence that Claudius is actually guilt, he feels that he can now kill Claudius. That is why he kills Polonius without confirming why it was. (Deduced that it was Claudius hiding) How to cite Hamlet Act 3 – the Dumb Show, Essay examples

What freedoms does literacy offer in a globalized society Essay Example

What freedoms does literacy offer in a globalized society Essay What freedoms does literacy offer in a globalized society? Name: Course: Institution: We will write a custom essay sample on What freedoms does literacy offer in a globalized society specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What freedoms does literacy offer in a globalized society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What freedoms does literacy offer in a globalized society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Instructor: Date: What freedoms does literacy offer in a globalized society? Within globalized societies, the main agenda is the expansion of the actual liberties that people enjoy. Literacy is one of the instruments that most people use in the expression of freedom. The use of written communication in today’s world follows economic and socio-political systems as well as operations at domestic, national and global heights. Literacy provides institutions and other individuals with opportunities for learning new elements. The wide variety of literacy methods and practices used by people and communities in different contexts display the randomness through which literacy is acquired or used. Firstly, the more scholars study the process through which literacy is set in, the better the chances of the global community to view literacy as an actual instrument of freedom. Literacy bears many qualities of freedom as it is embedded in social relationships and change. Contributions on literacy by Amartya Sen analyze the value of literacy in pursuing opportunities as a means of maximizing freedoms. According to Sen, developed societies may have the freedom to decide and follow the lifestyle that people deem as valuable (Raley Preyer 2012, p. 214). In such situations, the individual’s actions are shaped by the environment and they determine the social context (Robinson-Pant 2003, p. 355). Secondly, negative aspects of denial of freedom such as child mortality, insecurity and unemployment are created and shaped by the society. Sen states that different communities possess different freedoms and consequently, different limits for organizing social transformation (Raley Preyer 2012, p. 217). Freedom forms the foundation for development within a society. According to Sen, a social structure such as the state are qualified subjects for studying freedom and links it to support for expanding people’s freedoms. The need for this support cannot be any clearer than in literacy. Lack of literacy illustrates a lack of freedom or as Sen puts it â€Å"unfreedom† (Raley Preyer 2012, p. 232). In addition, the fast pace of globalization in an already largely literate society exists amid 700 million individuals who lack the information to improve their lives, and play an increased role in politics and economic activities. Literacy carries certain advantages from political to economic. This is because acquisition of literacy improves an individual’s confidence and sense of worth. Such knowledge provides a way to increased civic participation with better knowledge on family planning and education matters. Data on literacy is however difficult to obtain as very little research has been done on the subject (Raley Preyer 2012, p. 223). Based on the latest researches, most reports place the number of illiterate adults at 774 million. That represents about 18% of the total world adult population. The majority of adults with little or no literacy are situated in sub-Saharan Africa, South and West Asia and the Pacific. In terms of gender, women represent about 64% of the total illiterate population (Horsman 2005, p. 167). Most of this percentage of the illiterate population resides in fifteen countries. South Asia has the lowest literacy levels mainly because of Bangladesh and Pakistan that have 47% and 50% respectively. Lower literacy levels are synonymous with low poverty levels. An example is in Ethiopia, Bangladesh and India where over 80% of the population lives below $2 a day. In these societies, the literacy levels are below 63% and the number of illiterate individuals stands at about 4 million people (Horsman 2005, p. 168). Literacy levels also tend to be lower in rural areas, among indigenous people and minorities. EFA goals currently set the bar for countries to achieve a 50% increase in adult literacy levels before 2015 particularly for women. These standards were unachievable, as some countries have already achieved over 60% literacy levels (Agnaou 2004, p. 123). Contemporary assessments of literacy do not encapsulate the political and academic debates that have occurred in the recent past. The definition of literacy has however grown to include human resource skills and socio-cultural as well as political change. From the 1960s, functional literacy developed alongside social change as a tool of development and consequently, development (Rajak 2007, p. 123). In addition, certain freedoms are realized from literacy in a direct manner while others are benefits accrued because of literacy within the society. Basic political rights such as freedom of speech, freedom of action and freedom of life are given by the mere acknowledgement of literacy. The slave owners in South America convinced legislators to prohibit slaves from reading. Islam societies similarly treat their women as virtual slaves as they are banned from attending school to keep them ignorant and illiterate. These two instances of denying certain sections of the society the privilege of a proper education signify the power of literacy. For an individual to be able to enjoy their individual freedoms they have to be able to read (Hung, Yoong, Brown 2012, p. 27). Intellectual empowerment is the starting point for individual freedom. Scholars have proved there is a direct relation between literacy, prosperity and improved living standards. These capabilities accrued from literacy such as increased incomes, civil liberties and health are assumed the means through which an individual can achieve certain freedoms. This argument is slightly different from the conventional one that claims that education and health are the means to achieving the final product that is income. According to Sen, income is just but one aspect that combines with other aspects to provide an individual and society with greater freedom (Raley Preyer 2012, p. 229). The use of literacy however depends on the society and the context in which it used (Juceviciene, Merkys Reinert 2002, p. 134). Particular countries such as China, South Korea and Taiwan have made great economic and political achievements that have translated into increased freedoms for their citizens. The rationale given behind their rapid economic development might be given as strategic exploitation of the global economy. However, basic education has played a major role in these developments. The case of China was particularly helped by its increased investment in the education sector. Under Mao Tse-tung, the basic education policies that were adopted in China made the country have an upper hand in benefiting from the global economy. Education, in this case, expanded the capabilities of the Chinese people that results in various types of rewards (Eisenberg, Lowe Spitzer 2004, p. 232). When people are illiterate, they are less likely to comprehend their legal rights and to protect them when required. This serves as a major setback in a scenario where on e party violates the rights of others. This problem mainly affects the poor populations as their rights are often violated due to a high level of illiteracy. As was mentioned earlier, women are more affected by illiteracy and as a result, they enjoy fewer freedoms. Women nit being able to read or write exposes them to violation in property rights and expression of other freedoms as they are unfairly treated. Implementing a strong sense of law within the society will not be beneficial, as people cannot take advantage of the laws if they cannot read them (Horsman 2005, p. 97). Illiteracy can lead to denial of political freedoms within a society. The reverse is true in more developed communities such as those in North America and parts of Europe. Literacy provides the members of a society with the opportunity to exercise their political rights such as voting in area representatives or providing opinion on policies. Literacy gives an individual the ability to decipher political jargon and at the same time, deliver politically relevant declarations. This is very important in the expression of demands to the state. Political freedoms are by far the most abused in countries having the highest rates of illiteracy. In such countries, the inequality in distribution of resources by the government leads to poverty in certain areas followed by illiteracy that completes the circle of muffled freedoms (Brayman Hackel Kelly 2008, p. 175). Studies done by Sen elaborate on different aspects of human security as part of the freedoms enjoyed in globalized societies. According to Sen, human security is achieved when the voice of the citizen is strengthened through increased literacy (Raley Preyer 2012, p. 237). An instance of food insecurity as suppression of the right to food and a denial of the freedom of choice on what to consume as an individual and a society will suffice to elaborate the relationship between literacy, political expression and realization of freedoms. Within established democracies, cases of food shortages are not recorded as people in these states are give political voice. This is because criticism of the failed government channeled by the free press will force the government to act swiftly to mitigate the effects of food shortage (Agnaou 2004, p. 121). Finally, the development of women and girls in most underdeveloped countries has been pegged on their ability to maintain autonomous incomes, possess ownership rights, literate and education. Literacy is solely responsible for the empowerment of women across the world. Although all these factors affecting women may seem diverse and unrelated, they cumulatively combine to suppress women’s freedoms. Social problems such as overpopulation have been found to reduce or even disappear because of an increase in literacy and education among women. In conclusion, literacy has had an important role in shaping some of the major events in the world that have later benefited the societies that embraced it. Literacy has played a major role in colonialism as it was considered the channel through which civilization could be spread within Asia and Africa. Among Christians and British soldiers in Uganda for example, the ability to read was assumed to bring about other skills such as reflection and increased reasoning (Daniell Mortensen 2007, p. 187). After independence, literacy also played a big role in building the new nations. Literacy was seen as an underlying factor to modernization that would ensure increased freedoms for the citizens. Literacy can also be considered as a form of power. 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